برخی از مستندات الگوریتم رقابت استعماری – بخش اول: مقالات لاتین

بعضی از مقالات و مستندات مربوط به الگوریتم رقابت استعماری “به زبان انگلیسی” در این پست ارائه شده اند. مقالات دیگر مربوط به الگوریتم به تدریج برای استفاده در این پست در اختیار علاقه مندان محترم قرار خواهد گرفت.

 

مطالعه و استفاده از این مقالات به همه علاقه مندان به حوزه هوش مصنوعی و بهینه سازی تکاملی، و به طور ویژه علاقه مندان الگوریتم رقابت استعماری توصیه می شود.در ضمن فایل پی دی اف متن یک فایل آموزشی کامل به فارسی که در حقیقت متن کامل یک پایان نامه در مورد الگوریتم رقابت استعماری است، در پست جداگانه ای بر روی سایت موجود است.
مستندات الگوریتم رقابت استعماری در سه بخش جداگانه به صورت سه پست مجزا با عناوین زیر بر روی سایت قرار گرفته اند.

اگر به هر دلیلی در دانلود هر یک از مقالات مذکور از هر کدام از لینکها با مشکل مواجه شدید، خواهشمندیم از طریق بخش تماس با ما و یا از طریق ارسال ایمیل به آدرس icasite.info@gmail.com ما را در جریان بگذارید.

در ادامه برخی از مقالات الگوریتم رقابت استعماری به زبان انگلیسی آمده اند.

نکته “بسیار مهم” در مورد ارجاع دهی: لیست مقالات بصورت خودکار و توسط برنامه نوشته شده جهت پردازش اتوماتیک مقالات تهیه شده اند. از این جهت ممکن است در ذکر نام صحیح نویسندگان و یا عنوان مقاله و … اشتباهات کوچکی رخ داده باشند. از این جهت حتماً پس از دانلود مقاله و استفاده از آنها، هنگام ارجاع دهی در مقاله خود به فرمت مناسب ارجاع دهی و رفع هر گونه نقص احتمالی اقدام نمایید.

نکته: لیست به روزتر پایان نامه ها و مقالات فارسی و انگلیسی در مورد الگوریتم رقابت استعماری، را به صورت یک فایل excel، می توانید، در این لینک مشاهده نمایید. ممکن است، به دلیل انسداد سرویس گوگل داکز، با استفاده اینترنت داخل ایران، این لینک برای شما در برخی موارد باز نشود. در این صورت از ابزار مناسب برای حل این مشکل استفاده نمایید.
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Vahid Rashtchi, Saeed Behzadpoor, Mohammad Hashem and Ebrahim rahimpour, Application Of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm For Parameter Identification Of Transformer R-L-C-M Model, First International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (CCSEIT-2011), 2011,
Saeed Jalilzadeh, Saeed Behzadpoor and Mohammad Hashemi, PID Design for AVR System by PSO and Imperialist Competitive Algorithms, First International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (CCSEIT-2011), 2011,
A. Rabiee, A. Soroudi, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, Imperialist Competition Algorithm for Solving Non-convex Dynamic Economic Power Dispatch, 26th International Power System Conference (PSC2011), 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Farzaneh Fatemipour, Farnoush Fatemipour, Scheduling Scientific Workflows using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, 2012 International Conference on Informatics, Enviroment, Energy and Applications. March 2012, Singapore, 2012,
M. Kohansal, G. B. Gharehpetian, M. Rahmatian and M. J. Sanjari, Multi-Objective Optimization of Microgrid Frequency and Energy Storage Capacity, International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ12) Santiago de Compostela (Spain), 28th to 30th March, 2012, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Navid Razmjooy, Peyman Moallem, Somayeh Mousavi, Mohsen Khalilpour, Image Thresholding Based On Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, 3rd Iranian Conference On Alectrical And Electronics Engineering, Gonabad, Iran, July 2011., 2011,
M. Yousefi, A.N. Darus, H. Mohammadi, An imperialist competitive algorithm for optimal design of plate-fin heat exchangers, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Volume 55, Issues 11ÿ12, May 2012, Pages 3178ÿ3185, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Soroudi, A. Ehsan, M., Imperialist competition algorithm for distributed generation connections, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2012, Vol. 6, Iss. 1, pp. 21ÿ29, doi: 10.1049iet-gtd.2011.0190, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
M. A. Soltani-Sarvestani, Shahriar Lotfi and Fatemeh Ramezani, Quad Countries Algorithm (QCA) , Intelligent Information and Database Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2012, Volume 71982012, 119-129, DOI: 10.1007978-3-642-28493-9_14 , 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Meisam Hajizadeh and Javad Sadeh, Robust Coordination and Tuning of PSS and TCSC for Improving Damping and Loadability by Imperialist Competitive Algorithm , 11th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2012,
Ali Naimi Sadigh, Marzieh Mozafari, Behrooz Karimi, Manufacturer-retailer supply chain coordination: A bi-level programming approach, Advances in Engineering Software Volume 45, Issue 1, March 2012, Pages 144ÿ152, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
S M Hosseinirad and S K Basu, Imperialist Approach to Cluster Head Selection in WSN , IJCA Special Issue on Wireless Communication and Mobile Networks wcmn(1):1-5, January 2012. Published by Foundation of Computer Science, New York, USA, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Amirhossein Ghodrati, Mohammad V. Malakooti and Mansooreh Soleimani, A Hybrid ICAPSO Algorithm by Adding Independent Countries for Large Scale Global Optimization , Intelligent Information and Database Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2012, Volume 71982012, 99-108, DOI: 10.1007978-3-642-28493-9_12 , 2012, Download PDF (Link)
F. Jolai, M. Rabiee & H. Asefi, A novel hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm for a no-wait flexible flow shop scheduling problem with sequence dependent setup times, International Journal of Production Research, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Mehdi Akhari Oskuyee, Evaluation of Optimization Methods Ant Colony and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm in Face Emotion Recognition, Volume 3, No. 1, Jan-Feb 2012, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Helena Bahrami,Marjan Abdechiri,Mohammad Reza Meybodi, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm with Adaptive Colonies Movement, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Mehdi Akhari Oskuyee, Performance optimization algorithms In the Classification Face Emotion Recognition, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science ,Volume 3, Number 1, January-February 2012 , 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Kunlei Lian, Chaoyong Zhang, Liang Gao & Xinyu Shao, A modified colonial competitive algorithm for the mixed-model U-line balancing and sequencing problem, International Journal of Production Research, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Elyas Rakhshani, Intelligent Linear-Quadratic Optimal Output Feedback Regulator for a Deregulated Automatic Generation Control System, Electric Power Components and Systems, Volume 40, Issue 5, 2012 , 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Zahra NASIRI-GHEDARI, Hamid LESANI, Design Optimization of a Single-Phase Axial Flux Induction Motor with Low Torque Ripple, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, Przeglÿd Elektrotechniczny (Electrical Review), ISSN 0033-2097, R. 88 NR 3b2012, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
S J MousaviRad, Akhlaghian F Tab and K Mollazade, Application of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Feature Selection: A Case Study on Bulk Rice Classification , International Journal of Computer Applications 40(16):41-48, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Mansour Noshfar, .., Multi-Processor Scheduling Problem (MPSP)with Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, Waset 2012 Florence, Italy International Conference, February 28-29, 2012 NH Anglo American Hotel, Via Garibaldi, 9 – 50123 Florence, 2012,
Serhat Duman, …, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Optimal Design of the PID Controller for an AVR System, 12th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems – PMASP2012, 2012,
Bagheri, A. and G.G. Amiri , Detection and estimation of damage in structures using imperialist competitive algorithm, Shock and Vibration, DOI – 10.3233SAV-2010-0639, 2011,
Mohammad Rismanbor and Karim Faez, A multiple target detection algorithm based on Imperialist Competitive Algorithm , Control and Automation (ICCA), 2011 9th IEEE International Conference on , 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Saeid FallahÿJamshidi, Maghsoud Amiri, Synergy of ICA and MCDM for multiÿresponse optimisation problems, International Journal of Production Research, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Fatemeh Ramezani, Shahriar Lotfi, and M.A. Soltani-Sarvestani, A Hybrid Evolutionary Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (HEICA), Intelligent Information and Database Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2012, Volume 71962012, 359-368, DOI: 10.1007978-3-642-28487-8_37, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
S. Ashraf Vaghefi, S. J. Mousavi, Karim C Abbaspour, M. Ehtiat, Reservoir Operation Optimization Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm to Balance Sediment Removal and Water Supply Objectives, The First International and Third National Conference on Dams and Hydropower in Iran, 2012,
Fariba Khademolghorani, A Novel Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Automated Mining of Association Rules, Journal of Intelligent Computing, Volume: 2 , Issue:3 (September 2011), , 2011,
Siamak Talatahari, Ali Kaveh and Razi Sheikholeslami, Chaotic imperialist competitive algorithm for optimum design of truss structures , Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, DOI: 10.1007s00158-011-0754-4 , 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Hamid Reza Mohammadi; Saber Falahati; Mahdi Zeraati, A new method for Selective Harmonic Elimination in VSI using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, 3rd Power Electronics, Drive Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC 2012), 2012,
Coelho, L. D. S.; Afonso, L. D.; Alotto, P.;, A Modified Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Optimization in Electromagnetics , Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on, Feb. 2012, Volume: 48, Issue:2, On page(s): 579 – 582 , 2012, Download PDF (Link)
V. Kayvanfar and M. Zandieh, The economic lot scheduling problem with deteriorating items and shortage: an imperialist competitive algorithm , The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology , 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Samaneh Karami and Shahriar Baradaran Shokouhi, Optimal Hierarchical Remote Sensing Image Clustering Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm , Recent Advances in Computer Science and Information Engineering, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2012, Volume 124, 555-561, DOI: 10.1007978-3-642-25781-0_82, 2012,
Masoud Nabipour Afrozi, Masoud Hassanpour Aghdam, Ahmad Naebi, Saeed Hassanpour Aghdam , Simulation and Optimization of asynchronous AC motor control by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Emperor Algorithm, 2011 UKSim 5th European Symposium on Computer Modeling and Simulation, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Mansour Sheikhan, Sahar Garoucy, and S. Amir Ghoreishi, An Efficient Codebook Search Method for Speech Coders Optimized by Evolutionary and Swarm-Based Techniques, Science Academy Transactions on Computer and Communication Network (SATCCN) Vol. 1, No. 3, December 2011, ISSN: 2046-5157, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Seyfolah Saedodin, Mohsen Torabi, Hadi Eskandar, Thermal Analysis of Workpiece under Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), Using Hyperbolic Heat Conduction Model, Int J Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology, , Vol. 3 No. 4 September 2010 © 2010, 2010, Download PDF (Link)
S. Amir Ghoreishi and Arash Ahmadivand, State Feedback Design Aircraft Landing System with Using Differential Evolution Algorithm, Advance in Computer Science Application 16 Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2012, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
M. A. Soltani-Sarvestani, S. N. Mazloumi, and Hadi Seyedarabi, Merged Clustering Imperialists Algorithm (MICA), International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2011., 2011, Download PDF (Link)
R. Jahani, A. Hosseinzadeh, A. Gharegozi, M. Mohammad Abadi, ICA-based Allocation of DGs in a Distribution System, American Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-223X Issue 33(2011), pp. 64-75 © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2011 http:www.eurojournals.comajsr.htm, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Somayeh Kazemi, Ayaz Ghorbani and Seyed Naser Hashemi, Deployment of the meta heuristic Colonial Competitive Algorithm in synthesis of unequally spaced linear antenna array, IEICE Electronics Express Vol. 8 (2011) , No. 24 pp.2048-2053, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Esmaeil Abedini Duki, HamidReza Abdollahi Mansoorkhani, Alireza Soroudi, Mehdi Ehsan, A Discrete Imperialist Competition Algorithm For Transmission Expansion Planning, 25th International PowerSystem Conference, 2010, Download PDF (Link)
A.Rabii, S. Mobaeen, H. Jafary, H. Shahbazi, A Novel Approach for Reactive Source Sizing and Placement in Distribution Networks, J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(1)114-117, 2011, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
A. Rabii, S. Mobaieen, B. Mohamady and A. Suroody, A New Heuristic Algorithm for Solving Non-convex Economic Power Dispatch , J. Applied Sci., 11: 3791-3796., 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Ran Chen, Dongye Sun and Wen-Pei Sung, Solving the Job Shop Scheduling Problem Using the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 430 – 432), 2012,
Asghar Hemmati, Saeed Bahrami, Mohammad Alaghebandha and Mohammad Ahmadifard, Solving Combined Model Inventory Control with Queuing Theory Approach Using Meta-Heuristic Algorithms, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 10 (3): 374-388, 2011 ISSN 1990-9233 © IDOSI Publications, 2011, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Alimohammad Karami, Ehsan Rezaei, Mohsen Shahhosseni, Masood Aghakhani, Optimization of Heat Transfer in an Air Cooler Equipped with Classic Twisted Tape Inserts using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Ehsan Rezaei, Alimohammad Karami, Mohsen Shahhosseni, Masood Aghakhani, The optimization of thermal performance of an air cooler equipped with butterfly inserts by the use of imperialist competitive algorithm, Heat Trans Asian Res, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
A. Tahershamsi and R. Sheikholeslami , Optimization to identify muskingum model parameters using imperialist competitive algorithm , International Journal of Optimization in Civil Engineering, Int. J. Optim. Civil Eng., 2011; 3:473-482, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Mohammad Ali Ahmadi, Prediction of asphaltene precipitation using artificial neural network optimized by imperialist competitive algorithm, Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technologies – Vol. 1, Numbers 1, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Amir Masoud Bidgoli, Roozbeh Haghnazar Koochaksaraei , Cluster Heads Selection for Reduce Energy Consumption in Mobile Sensor Ad-Hoc Network by Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm , International Conference on Measurement and Control Engineering 2nd (ICMCE 2011), 2011,
S. N. Mazloumi, M. A. Soltani-Sarvestani, Hadi Seyedarabi, Clustering Imperialists Algorithm (CIA) , International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering 4th (ICCEE 2011), 2011,
N. Javadian, H. Khorshidian, J. Rezaeian, K. Rahmani, Single machine preemptive scheduling by hybridized meta-heuristic approach , Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN), 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on , 2011, Download PDF (Link)
M. A. Soltani-Sarvestani, M. A. Badamchizadeh, Sh. Soltani-Sarvestani, Delaram Javanray, Investigation of Revolution Operator in Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA), International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering 4th (ICCEE 2011), 2011,
M. A. Soltani-sarvestani and Mohammad-reza feizi-derakhshi, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm with Moving Imperialists (MICA), International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering 4th (ICCEE 2011), 2011,
E. Heidari, A. A. Afzalian and M. Khederzadeh, Optimal Power Flow and Dynamic Flow Controller Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC 2011), 2011,
Moslem Yousefi, Amer Nordin Darus and Hossein Mohammadi, Second law based optimization of a plate fin heat exchanger using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 6(20), pp. 4749ÿ4759, 23 September, 2011, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Mohsen Ebrahimi, Ali Sajedian, A New Approach for Well Placement Optimization Using Colonial Competitive Algorithm, 20th World Petroleum Congress, 2011,
Hadi Chahkandi Nejad, Rouzbeh Jahani, Comparison of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and Other Heuristic Methods for Optimal Placement of UPFC in Electrical Power Systems, International Review on Modelling and Simulations (Vol. 4 N. 4) – August 2011 – Papers (Part B), 2011,
Hamid Mozafari, …, Optimization of Functional Graded Plates for Buckling Load by using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, 1st World Conference on Innovation and Software Development (INSODE – 2011), Istanbul, Turkey., 2011,
Hamid Mozafari, …, Application of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Optimizing a Thin Resistant Interphase, 1st World Conference on Innovation and Software Development (INSODE – 2011), Istanbul, Turkey., 2011,
Hamid Mozafari, …, Optimization of Adhesive-Bonded Fiber Glass Strip using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, 1st World Conference on Innovation and Software Development (INSODE – 2011), Istanbul, Turkey., 2011,
Ali Safari Mamaghani, Mohammad Reza Meybodi, An Application of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm to Solve the Quadratic Assignment Problem, The 6th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST-2011), December 11-14, 2011, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Arash Talebi, Mohammad Ali Molaei and Bozorgmehr Ashrafi, Application of an Imperialist Competitive Algorithm in Portfolio Optimization, World Applied Sciences Journal 14 (10): 1576-1598, 2011, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
A.J. Ghanizadeh, G. Mokhtari1, M. Abedi, G.B. Gharehpetian, Optimal Power Flow Based on Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, International Review of Electrical Engineering – June 2011 (Vol. 6 N. 4) – Papers Part B, 2011,
E. Bijami, R. Abshari, J. Askari, S. Hosseinnia, M. M. Farsangi, Optimal Design of Damping Controllers for Multi-machine Power Systems Using Metaheuristic Techniques, International Review of Electrical Engineering – June 2011 (Vol. 6 N. 4) – Papers Part B, 2011,
Ali Yousefi, …, Novel Design of FIR Digital Filters With Arbitrary Magnitude and Phase Specifications Based on Chaotic Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, International eConference on Computer and Knowledge Engineering :: ICCKE2011 , 2011,
Behzad Abdi, Hamid Mozafari, Amran Ayob, Roya Kohandel, Thermal Effect on Buckling of General Dome Ends Using Finite Element Method, Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 121 – 126), 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Hamid Mozafari, Behzad Abdi, Amran Ayob, Optimization of Temperature-Dependent Functionally Graded Material Based on Colonial Competitive Algorithm, Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 121 – 126), 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Yuan Ren, Guang Chen Bai, Colonial Competitive Algorithm Assisted Least Squares Support Vector Machines, Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 255 – 260), 2011, Download PDF (Link)
H. Chahkandi Nejad, J. Olamaei, R. Jahani, H. Ghiasi Zadeh, Optimal Distributed Generation Location in Radial Distribution Systems Using A New Heuristic Method, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(7): 612-621, 2011, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Hamid Mozafari, Behzad Abdi, Amran Ayob, Optimization of Thin Adhesive Layer Based on Colonial Competitive Algorithm , International Journal of Applied Sciences (IJAS), 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Ali Naimi Sadigh, Marzieh Mozafari, Behrooz Karimi, Manufacturerÿretailer supply chain coordination: A bi-level programming approach, Advances in Engineering Software, doi:10.1016j.advengsoft.2011.09.008 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI , 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Ataollah Ebrahimzadeh, Jalil Addeha, Zahra Rahmania, Control chart pattern recognition using K-MICA clustering and neural networks, ISA Transactions, Volume 51, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 111ÿ119 doi:10.1016j.isatra.2011.08.005, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Mehdi Anjomshoa, Ali Mahani, Mostafa Esmaeil beig , Evolutionary design and optimization of digital Circuits using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm , International Journal of Computer Applications 32(1):14-19, October 2011, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Mansour Ojaghi, Mehdi Mardani, Parameter Estimation of Induction Motor Using Shuffled Frog Leaping and Imperialistic Competitive Algorithms, International Power System Conference – PSC 2011, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
H. Chahkandi Nejad, R. Jahani, M. Mahvy, Applying Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Optimal Placement of Unified Power Flow Controller in Power System, American Journal of Scientific Research, ISSN 1450-223X Issue July (2011), pp.20-33, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Mohammadreza Kaviani, …, Stackelberg game theory approach for manufacturer-retailer supply chain coordination using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, 2nd International and 4th National Logistics and supply chain conference, 2011,
Behzad Abdi, Hamid Mozafari, Amran Ayob, Roya kohandeld, Ali Alibeigloo, Buckling behavior of Optimal Laminated Composite Cylindrical Shells Subjected to axial compression and external pressure, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 121-126 (2012) pp 48-54, 2012, Download PDF (Link)
Saeed Moadi, Afshin Shariat Mohaymany and Mohsen Babaei, Application Of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm To The Emergency Medical Services Location Problem , International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA), Vol.2, No.4, October 2011, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Ahad Mirlo, M.B.B Sharifian, Speed Observer Based on ICA Trained Neural Network in DTC drive of IPMSM, psc2011 – International Power System Conference 2001, Tehran, IRan, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Kunlei Lian, Chaoyong Zhang, Liang Gao & Xinyu Li, Integrated process planning and scheduling using an imperialist competitive algorithm, International Journal of Production Research, 2011, Download PDF (Link)
Kourosh Nemati, Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin and Morteza Saberi Kamarposhti, Using Imperial Competitive Algorithm for Solving Traveling Salesman Problem and Comparing the Efficiency of the Proposed Algorithm with Methods in Use, %3